Increase sunlight exposure

Relocate hives to a position that receives direct morning sunlight for at least several hours each day. A south- or southeast-facing location (in the Northern Hemisphere) warms the hive early, prompting bees to become active sooner and helping evaporate overnight condensation. Ensure the site is not shaded by buildings, fences, or dense tree canopy during the first half of the day.

Why It Works

Chalkbrood fungus develops when brood comb stays cool and damp, particularly at the edges of the brood nest. Solar warming raises internal hive temperature and lowers humidity, both of which inhibit Ascosphaera apis spore germination. Warmer hives also support stronger bee clusters that cover brood more effectively.

Tips

• Some afternoon shade is acceptable and even beneficial in hot climates to prevent overheating
• Elevate hives on stands at least 30 cm (12 inches) off the ground to avoid ground moisture
• Clear vegetation around the hive entrance to maximize air circulation and light exposure
• Combine with ventilation improvements for the strongest effect against chalkbrood