Fall mite treatment is a critical preventative measure for improving overwintering success. Varroa mites are a primary contributor to winter colony losses, as high mite loads weaken bees and vector bee diseases. Treating for varroa mites in late summer or early fall, before winter bees are raised, is essential to reduce mite populations to low levels. Fall mite treatment ensures that winter bees are healthy and less burdened by mites, increasing their chances of survival through winter. Fall treatment is considered a cornerstone of overwintering preparation in beekeeping.