Watering frequency and depth guidelines by season

Most raised bed vegetables need 1-1.5 inches of water per week, but the correct frequency depends on season, soil mix, and plant stage. Spring (cool, establishing plants): water every 2-3 days, deeply. Summer (hot, mature plants): water every 1-2 days, possibly daily during heat waves above 90 degrees F. Fall (cooling, late crops): every 2-3 days. Newly seeded beds need light, frequent moisture (daily misting until germination, then transition to deep watering). Transplants need daily watering for the first week, then gradually less frequent, deeper watering to encourage deep root growth. The finger test is the most reliable method: insert your finger 2-3 inches into soil. If dry at that depth, water thoroughly. If moist, wait. Water until you see slight pooling on the surface, then let it absorb. Overwatering symptoms: yellowing lower leaves, mushy stems, fungus gnats. Underwatering symptoms: wilting in afternoon even with cool soil, dry/crispy leaf edges, stunted growth. Sandy/perlite-heavy mixes dry faster than clay or coir-heavy mixes. Adjust frequency based on your specific mix.