Incorporate compost and organic matter annually

Mix 2-4 inches of compost, aged manure, or shredded leaves into the top 6-12 inches of garden soil each year before planting. This single practice addresses most common soil problems simultaneously.

Why It Works

Organic matter loosens heavy clay for better drainage and aeration, improves water retention in sandy soil, releases nutrients slowly, and feeds soil microorganisms that make nutrients plant-available. It also buffers soil pH toward the 6.0-7.0 range most vegetables prefer.

Tips

• Homemade compost is free; municipal compost is often available cheaply in bulk
• Use aged manure (at least 6 months old) to avoid burning plants or introducing pathogens
• Shredded leaves are an excellent free source of organic matter applied in fall
• Widely regarded as the single most effective improvement for any soil type