How do I keep pipes from freezing in the winter?
Pipes in unheated areas such as crawl spaces, attics, garages, and exterior walls are vulnerable to freezing and bursting during cold weather. Water freezes at 32°F (0°C), but pipes typically freeze when outside temperatures drop to 20°F (−6°C) or below. A burst pipe can cause $5,000 to $70,000 in water damage.
Why Pipes Burst
Freezing water expands by about 9%, creating immense pressure inside the pipe. The burst often occurs between the ice blockage and a closed faucet, where pressure has no outlet.
At-Risk Locations
- Uninsulated crawl spaces and attics
- Exterior walls with plumbing runs
- Garages with water supply lines
- Outdoor hose bibs and sprinkler lines
When to Act
Take preventive steps before overnight temperatures are forecast to fall below 20°F (−6°C). Combine multiple solutions below for the best protection.
- Let faucets drip during severe cold4
Allowing faucets to drip during extreme cold keeps water moving through vulnerable pipes and relieves pressure that builds between the faucet and any ice forming inside the line. Even a slow, steady drip is enough to prevent a burst.
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- Insulate exposed pipes with foam sleeves or fiberglass wrap5
Wrapping exposed pipes in foam sleeves or fiberglass insulation creates a thermal barrier that slows heat loss and keeps pipe temperatures above freezing. This is the most effective long-term defense for pipes in unheated spaces.
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🛠️ Foam pipe sleeves or fiberglass insulation wrap, measuring tape, utility knife or scissors, duct tape
- Open cabinet doors to let warm air reach pipes3
Opening cabinet doors under kitchen and bathroom sinks on exterior walls lets warm room air circulate around the pipes inside. This simple step raises the temperature around the pipes enough to prevent freezing when combined with adequate indoor heating.
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