Annual compost top-dressing (2-3 inches each season)

The single most important soil maintenance practice is adding 2-3 inches of quality compost to the top of each raised bed at the start of every growing season. This replenishes nutrients depleted by the previous season's crops, restores organic matter lost to decomposition, compensates for soil settling (beds can drop 2-4 inches per year), and feeds the soil microbial community. Apply compost 2-4 weeks before spring planting to allow nutrients to integrate. Use diverse compost sources (aged manure, mushroom compost, leaf mold, worm castings) for a broader nutrient profile. Do not dig or till the compost in; simply spread it on top and let worms and microbes incorporate it naturally (this is the no-dig or no-till method, which preserves soil structure and fungal networks). For a 4x8 bed, 2 inches of compost equals approximately 5-6 cubic feet (2-3 bags or about 1/4 cubic yard bulk). Annual cost: $15-40 depending on sourcing. Fall application also works well, as compost decomposes slowly over winter and is ready for spring planting. Avoid applying more than 3 inches per season; excessive compost can create nutrient imbalance, particularly excess phosphorus, and impair drainage.