Annual soil testing to guide amendments

Soil testing removes guesswork from fertilization and amendment decisions by measuring actual nutrient levels, pH, and organic matter content. Test raised bed soil annually (or at minimum every 2-3 years) in early spring before amending. Options range from DIY home kits ($15-30, brands: Luster Leaf Rapitest, MySoil) that measure pH, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, to comprehensive lab tests through your county extension service ($15-30, includes pH, macro and micronutrients, organic matter percentage, and specific recommendations). Lab tests are more accurate and provide actionable guidance. To sample: collect soil from 6-8 spots across the bed at 6-8 inches depth, mix in a bucket, and submit 1-2 cups. Common raised bed findings and corrections: low pH (too acidic) - add garden lime at recommended rate. High pH (too alkaline) - add elemental sulfur or acidic amendments like pine needle mulch. Low nitrogen - add blood meal, feather meal, or increase compost. Low phosphorus - add bone meal or rock phosphate. Low potassium - add greensand, kelp meal, or wood ash (also raises pH). Excess phosphorus (common in over-composted beds) - reduce compost application and avoid phosphorus amendments. Testing prevents both deficiency and toxicity from blind amendment.