Scrub with steel wool or a wire brush

For surface rust on flat or accessible areas, scrub directly with steel wool, a wire brush, or a wire wheel on a drill or angle grinder. Work in one direction along the grain of the metal when possible.

Why It Works

Physical abrasion removes rust mechanically by scraping it off the metal surface. It requires no chemicals or soaking time and gives immediate results on light to moderate surface rust.

Tips

• Fine steel wool (0000 grade) is best for light rust on tools you want to keep smooth
• A wire wheel on a drill or grinder handles heavy rust quickly on large items
• Wear safety glasses — wire bristles can break off and fly
• Always oil the bare metal immediately after scrubbing to prevent flash rust
• Combine with a chemical method for best results: soak first, then scrub the loosened rust